HISTORY

The history of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of RSUP Dr. Kariadi cannot be separated from the history of RSUP Dr. Kariadi itself, which covers the Dutch East Indies government era until now. Obstetrics and Gynecology services in Semarang are generally inseparable from the presence of its human resources. Alluding to the figures involved and working in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University/ RSUP Dr. Kariadi can be broadly divided into two periods:

PERIOD BEFORE OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY SPECIALIST DOCTOR

Period 1925 – 1942 (Dutch East Indies Government Era)

In 1919, dr. N.F. Liem had ideas and plans to replace and combine the City Hospital (Stadverband Ziekenhuis) in Tawang area with the Helper City Hospital (Hulp Stadverband Ziekenhuis) in the main square of Semarang. The plan could be realized by building a bigger hospital in the city of Semarang. Construction of the hospital started in 1920 and was completed five years later. On September 9, 1925, the Centrale Burgerlijke Ziekeninrichting, known as CBZ, was born. At that time, the hospital’s capacity was 500 beds. The infirmary consisted of large wards which accommodated forty-five beds. The room facilities were adapted to the life of the Inlander people at that time. Several specializations already existed, namely the department of internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics, and gynecology. Ooiman Van Leeuwen and Wijanarko (executing Opzichter) as planners had thought further, so that in the architecture of the building there was a clear separation between the polyclinic and the inpatient room.

The first director to lead this hospital was dr. N.F. Liem. The names of dr. N. F. Liem and his wife (Liembergsma) were then used for the name of the street in the maintenance personnel housing complex. Initially this hospital prioritized the function of medical services in the form of curative treatment and the function of paramedic education. There were several departments including the Department of Internal Medicine, the Department of Surgery, the Department of Children, and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. This was then followed by the establishment of other parts, namely the Eyes, ENT, and Dermatovenerology. This had something to do with the establishment of the Semarang Army Hospital which already had experts in this field.

Period 1942–1945 (Japanese Occupation Period)

At this time, the hospital had not changed much. The Japanese rulers limited themselves, only continuing and running the existing businesses and not a single Japanese person working in this hospital. This was very beneficial because then the hospital youths could more freely join themselves with other fighters in the city of Semarang.

During the Japanese occupation, Dutch doctors were taken prisoner. To fill the vacancy in the leadership of the hospital, this hospital was led by an Indonesian, namely Dr. Notokuworo which was continued by Dr. Buntaran Martoatmodjo until 1945. Since the Dutch East Indies government surrendered to the Japanese, this hospital had been led by the Indonesian people themselves. The Japanese government changed the name of CBZ to Purusara which stands for “central people’s hospital” which in Japanese is called Chuo Simin Byoing.

Period 1945–1950 (Revolutionary/Transitional Period)

Japan was then defeated by the Allies. At the same time, Indonesia proclaimed its independence. It seemed that the Japanese only wanted to submit to the Allies as a result of five days battle which erupted in Semarang on October 14th, 1945. This battle was between Indonesian youth and the Japanese army who were not willing to give up their power. The battle was felt throughout Semarang and lived by all citizens of the city.

This battle was marked by the death of Dr. Kariadi. He was shot by Japanese soldiers when he was going to check a drinking water reservoir which according to the news had been poisoned by the Japanese. Then there was a fierce battle in front of the hospital. Japanese soldiers strafed with machine guns, falling victim to hospital employees. In the following days, the hospital, which was considered a place for youths to organize their battle strategies, was surrounded and under constant surveillance by the Japanese army. It was only on October 17th, 1945 that the body of Dr. Kariadi could be buried after 3 days of death. The arrival of NICA (Netherlands-Indies Civil Administration) in Semarang could no longer be delayed. Many doctors and nursing staff left Semarang for Republican areas (areas owned by Indonesia during the First Dutch Aggression). Because Dr. Buntaran was mostly located in Jakarta, so from 1945 to 1948 this hospital was led by Dr. Soekardjo.

PERIOD AFTER OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY SPECIALIST DOCTOR

In 1955, the RSUP Dr. Kariadi had a permanent specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Sardjono Dhanudibroto. At this time, Obstetrics and Gynecology services began to be more concerned and improved. The limited number of Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists and the supporting facilities currently available greatly influenced the work procedures of the division. The number of patient was increasing, while there were very few doctors. The number of maternity patients at that time was approximately 300 people every month. Sometimes one bed was used by two people who want to give birth. When one was about to give birth the other sat down.

Then a decision was made to treat maternity patients only 1 x 24 hours. This policy was challenged by representatives of the people who called it an inhumane act. However, after receiving information from Dr. H.A.S. Dhanudibroto, they tried to understand the decision. With the consideration that it was better to repatriate patients who had passed a critical period than rejecting those who came at a critical period, finally the DPRD members could accept the policies taken by the Obstetrics and Gynecology department.

After giving birth for one day, the patient then sent home. The next management then was handed over to the closest midwife. The problem that arose then was in terms of financing. Patients did not want to pay for these follow-up services, while midwives were not willing to provide services if they did not receive compensation.

In subsequent developments, to anticipate an imbalance between the number of mothers wanting to give birth and the number of health workers and places of service, since 1958 a policy had been implemented that RSUP Dr. Kariadi only provided services for referral cases. For mothers who were about to give birth, it was recommended to go to the Mardi Waluyo clinic or gave birth at home by calling the nearest midwife. The term used at that time was “External Delivery”.

Because there were still not enough places to provide services, a maternity clinic was established in 1955 in the Peterongan area. In 1956 – 1957, it was also established in the Pandanaran area. Those in charge of providing services to this “external delivery” were student midwives, midwives and medical students. Equipment and consumable medicines were still provided by RSUP Dr. Kariadi. Every month it served approximately 90 deliveries.

During this period, the RSDK also received additional Obstetrics and Gynecology specialists from Gadjah Mada University, Dr. Sudibyo Tjokrodiprojo. However, he later died during surgery due to a heart attack. Then in 1964, RSUP Dr. Kariadi got an additional Obstetrics and Gynecology specialist from Surabaya, namely Dr. Ariawan Soejoenoes.

At this time, medical assistants and students began to appear, especially after the establishment of Diponegoro University in 1961, although the decision to cooperate was only formally stipulated by the Decree of the Minister of Health dated May 2, 1975 with number 132/V/Kab/Bu/ 1975.

Period 1950 – Present

One sentence that is probably the most appropriate to say at this time is “Doctors are very expensive”. Not expensive in the financial sense but in terms of quantity. Before Dr. H.A.S. Dhanudibroto was present in Semarang as an Obstetrics and Gynecology expert in 1955, there were also several doctors who led the Obstetrics and Gynecology department, including:

  • Goenadi Wreksoadmodjo 1948 – 1950
  • R. Sardjono 1948 – 1955
  • Soediono 1951
  • Liem Khe Tjong 1950 – 1958
  • Suhardi 1952 – 1955
  • Giovani Garbarino (Italia) 1954 – 1957
  • Suwondo 1954 – 1955

After 1950, Dr. Goenadi Wreksoadmodjo moved to Jakarta. Meanwhile Dr. Suwondo which was a colonel-ranked doctor, assisted by the Army Hospital. At that time, Obstetrics and Gynecology services were mostly performed by midwives while doctors served as operators of major surgeries and as consultants. Doctors while on duty were still assisted by midwives, either as operating assistants or as narcotics. Other operative procedures such as extraction of forceps, embryotomy, manual placenta and breech deliveries were performed by midwives.

In the field of medical or midwifery education, midwives were educators for this period. External childbirth was also carried out under the supervision of midwives. At this time, there was no regularity on the part of midwives educators. Theoretical assessors were also assessed practice. For medical education, the current students were from Gadjah Mada University, because Diponegoro University had not yet been established. At this time, after Dr. Goenadi moved on and replaced by Dr. R. Sardjono, RSUP Dr. Kariadi received a part time Obstetrics and Gynecology specialist from the Army Hospital, Dr. Soewondo, and Dr. Liem Khe Tjong who then moved assignments to the Netherlands.

At this time, the RSUP Dr. Kariadi also received specialist staff for 4 basic fields from Gadjah Mada University. During this period, the name Purusara was replaced with the Central General Hospital (RSU) Semarang. It continued to develop in accordance with the demands of the nature of independence, and was inseparable from the field of education for medical students, paramedics, and specialists.

Since 1953, in collaboration with the Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, this hospital has been used as a practice place for medical students. With the establishment of Diponegoro University in 1961, a collaboration was held between RSUP Dr. Kariadi and Diponegoro University in the education of medical students. It was officially established by Decree According to the Minister of Health dated May 2, 1975 Number 132/V/Kab/Bu/1975 to become a teaching hospital.

Assistants enlisted after the presence of Dr. Ariawan Soejoenoes are:

  • Sudibyo
  • Rustanto ( beliau kemudian menjabat IKKES Jawa Tengah, sata ini Kanwil)
  • Abimanyu Sadiman ( pensiun sebelum selesai pendidikan)
  • Sumarsono
  • Lilik Gunawan ( beliau kemudian pindah ke Bagian Patologi Anatomi)
  • Untung Praptohardjo
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